Flying-machine.



E. WARNER.

FLYINQMACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 17| 1913.

Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

E. WARNER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0m11.191sl` 4 vSHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

E. WARNER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. I7. 1913. v LI MATS. Patented NW1@ 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

E. WARNER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC17v 19l3.

mamma, Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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EDWARD WARNER, 0F WEEHAWKEN, NEW JERSEY.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 16, 1915.

Application filed December 17, 1913. Serial No. 807,232.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, EDWARD WARNER, a citizen of the United States, residing at 326 Park avenue, in the town of Weehawken, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is of the gyropter or lifting screw type, and is composed of a hollow shaft of lattice construction, with an amidlength enlargement or car, and two helicopters of opposite pitch placed to rotate in thedirection of their pitch on the shaft, one above the ca r and the other beneath it. Motive power and transmission mechanism connecting with the helicopters are provided in the car and shaft; the motor shafting and fuel being placed in one quarter-section of they same, .to overweight the craft in that section, and incline it from the vertical, and

also, in consequence, to incline the helices of the helicopters from the mean horizontal. Through this agency the craft attains its forward progress when operating in the air, and no othermeans are employed for that purpose. The direction of the inclination of the craft is called the forward direction, and there is ample fairway in the shaft for the passage of the operator. `At the lower end of the shaft, is hung a pendulum member, within which isA placed mechanism to swing the same right or left, or at right angles to the inclination of the shaft; bv this means, thel center of gravity and line of inclination of the craft may be changed laterally, and its line of travel changed accordingly. In this is contained the princi ple by which thecraft is steered. When at rest, the .flying machine is in a normally suspended conditiom-moored from its apex to a crane or crosshead, and from its lower end to a suitable anchorage.

The invention is Vfully illustrated in the accompanying drawings, comprising 17 views; which are Figurel elevation. Fig. 2 plan viewed from aboveJ Figi 3 an elevation of the hubs, and a quarter-section of the outworks of the helicopters, without the webs of their helices. Fig. 4 the upper portion of the lattice-shaft, of which Fig.' 5, showing the amidlength c ar, is the lower completion. Fig. 6 pendulum member, that is suspended from the shaft, and the steering mechanism contained in the same. y lattice construction of the hubs of the heli- Fig. 7-

following detailed description.

The combination shaft and car is of lattice construction, and is formed in its midsection by the columns V V, and in its upper and lower extensions by the columns `T T, intersected by the columns t t, the

whole being braced by the struts c o, inthe manner shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Within lthe midsection or car, are vertical niches and sheives, set up in the angles of its framework, made of the boards m and s s, capable of holding fuel tanks and other necessaries. Onv the shaft, two helicopters of opposite pitch are placed to rotate in opposition to each other as shown in Fig. l. The helicopters move in ball-bearings, which arc illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and 12, in the manner described in the following: There are secured to the eight columns T T,`at proper spacing on the upper section of the shaft, the rings K2, and K, and on those of the lower section, K, and K2, see Fig. 11. These rings are provided with an arc shaped slot 7c, near their outer rims, opposite each of the columns T T, and also with the boit holes 2, adjacent to the slots. The length of these slots may be any that will prove to be not impracticable, and for convenience may be given as three or more times the diameter of the balls 6, referred to hereafter. Each of the slots k, lc, forms the intermediate device of a ball-bearing mechanical A'unit as shown in Fig. 12. A part R with a lower retaining chamber, and course for the bearing-balls 6, has an outer wall 4, with scoop-ends 3, corresponding in length and line with the slots 7c lc. The holes 45, with their edges properly rounded, pierce the bed of the part R, in line with the ends of the slots, leaving anunbroken interval between them, to serve as an axis about which the bearing-balls travel. A part R is placed on the under sides of the rings K K, over each of the slots lo la, of the ioo said rings. part r, differing fromv the part R, only in having its retaining wall 4 on the inner side, is placed on the upper sides of the rings K2 K2 one over each of .the slots of the said rings. A capping piece sponding to the holes 2 .in the rings. The

bearing-balls 6, in proper number, are placed in the courses above indicated, and travel around the axes'of the parts R R, and 1' 7',

and have for counter-bearings the rings I I, and N N, to be described hereafter.

The-helicopters are formed in each of their hubs, by the eight columns vM M, standing severally at the angles of an octagonal plane, and are intersected near their midlength b v a ring L, and at equal spacings by the members m fm.. In the upper helicopter, a ring I, is secured to the upper ends ofthe columns M-M, and the lower ends of said columnsare secured to the ring H. The reverse of thisjorder obtains in the case ofthe lower icopter, see Fig.'11. The' hubs are bracedtliroughout by the struts f f. The

rings H H-,"are toothed on their inner faces,

sofas to engage the pinions on the power shafts, and the rings I I, are ball-bearing courses, flanged` to retain the bearing-balls.

All of the hub rings have outer flanges onl which to secure the spokes of the helicopters. From this point, the helicopters being alike in all respects excepting pitch, a description i of one will serve for both. With the hub for a center, one of the helical rims A, rises from each quarter-section ofvits plane, and

makes substantially one complete circuit.`

The rims B B, parallel the rims A A, from a slightly higheriplane, and at a smaller diameter, which gives vthe helices a parachutic curvature. The spaces between the said rims are filled in with the webs C C, which4 are secured to the rims and can be made of sheet metal or textile fabric. The radials D D, arejoined to the rims A A, in vertical lines'at each 24th of the circle; and beginning at the lower end of a rim A, the first vtwo of the said radials, converge inwardly with the two vertically above them, meeting in whatwould simulate, the vertex of al quadrilateral pyramid lying on its side; and

'this arrangement respecting these radials is continued throughout the helicopters.

each of these vertices is secured, a spoke E, which reaches inward half the space to the hub, and is joined to a spoke c, which extends to the ring L, of the hub, and to the flange of which it is secured. The spokes E E,-

e e, do not radiate from the center of the helicopter, but extends tangentially tothe rim of its hub, and the pitch of itshelices,

in verticalA line.

ends, horizontally by the members G Gr.,lv

making in their formation, upper and lower dodecagonal rims. There are secured at the points of junction, of the members e e, and g g, the members `F F, which diverge on a ltangent opposite to that of the parts e e,

and are secured at their other ends, to the rings, at the top and bottom of the hub of the helicopter. The columns J J, are secured to the outer ends of the spokes E E, in vertical line, lying in the intermediate upper and lower planes. The columns J J with their horizontal bracings describe in outline a rectilinear cube. There are secured to the outer ends of the spokes E E, the columns d al, rising from the upper ones, and depending from the lower ones,

The helicopter has additional tensional bracings between the following points: diagonally', between the ends of the members g g; diagonally between the ends of the columns J J, and horizontally be-` tween their upper and lower ends respectively; between the eXtreme ends of the columns d al, diagonally with their base ends,- and with the holes 7, in the nearest hub ring,-also with the helices at the points a; a.; between the outer ends of the spokes E E, circumferentially and vertically,-also diagonally with their opposite ends, and with' the ends of the forward radials` D D, at the p oints a; a,--andv in the case of the upper spokes, with the lower ends of the columns g g,-and in the case of the lower spokes, with the holes 7 in the lower hub ring.

The flying machine is provided with av motor A, working on the horizontal shaft c,

secured tothe frame of the car as shown in Fig. 8.' 'To the inner end ofthe shafto, is secured a bevelpinion Q. The two shafts O O, extending severally up and down in the lattice-shaft, have also secured to their adjacent ends, a bevel pinion Q, which latter, -properly mesh with the bevel pinion on the shaft Q1, as shown in Fig. 5. The shafts O O,l are journaled at their opposite-ends in the bearings S S, in the rings K K, where they have secured to them the pinions P P. These pinions engage the toothed faces z. h, of the rings H H, which are adjacent to the rings KK, and are secured to the helicopters. Through the 'medium of the bevel gearing Q, the shafts O O, must always turn in oppositionto each other, which opposed movement they transmit to' the helicopters. The pendulum member is constructed by the four columns 17, being secured at equal spacing to the circular base 18, and with their top ends secured to the ring 16, from position within the said hollow shaft, at-

which rise fore and aft the lugs 15. rlhe lattice-shaft has secured to its lower end the ring 10, with the brackets 12 extending from its sides, and the lugs 11 depending from it fore and aft. To these lugs the pendulum member is flexibly bolted through the lugs 15, permitting it to swing from side to side.

There is also a flexible enveloping connection 111, between the lattice-shaft and the pendulum, shown in outline in Fig. 6, and a ring 13 to distend the same midway. From the base 18 rises the framework 21, to which are secured the pulleys 20, and above the same the steering wheel with drum 19. Around this drum is wound and secured the cable 22, which is led around the pulleys 20, to the ends of the brackets 12, to which they are secured. The pilot operating at the wheel 19, can change the center of gravity of the craft laterally, and thereby guide the same in any direction he may choose. rlhe lattice shaft, car, and pendulum member, are enveloped in a sheathing y, with portholes at proper locations. There ,is a door in the pendulum, and there are lids a a, at the apex of the craft, through which an attendant may moor the same to an upper support.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a flying machine a vertical shaft of hollow construction, affording interior passage for the operator, with bearings on the exterior of its upper and lower sections, two helicopters of opposite pitch seated vone above the other in the bearings on the shaft, motor and power transmission mechanism provided in the interior of the shaft, connecting with the helicopters to drive them rotatively in the direction of their pitch,

said mechanism installed so as to give the` flying-machine a forward inclination, a pendulum member hung at the lower end of the shaft to swing from side to side at right angles to the said inclination, with means within the saidrpendulum member to swing the same from side to side, and with means for mooring the flying-machine in a suspended condition. 2. In a flying machine, a vertlcal shaft of hollow construction, a'ording interior pas- -sage for the operator, with bearings on the exterior of its upper and lower sections, two helicopters of opposite pitch seated one above the other in the bearings on the said hollowA shaft, a motor in a central forward tached to the motor a shaft in right angle relation to the vertical hollow shaft, at the end opposed to the motor a bevel pinion attached to the motor shaft, an upper and a lower bevel pinion meshing with the pinion on the motor shaft, a shaft attached. to each of the upper and lower bevel pinions, the latter shafts ascending and descending respectively in a forward position properly journaled to and'in vertical alinement with the hollow shaft and within the same, a gear wheel attached to each vertical power shaft at its extreme end, and a gear wheel on each helicopter meshing with the power shaft gear wheel adjacent to it, av pendulum member -hung at the lower end of the hollow shaft to swing from side to side at.

units composed of steel bearing-balls cours ing the same, an intermediate member with an arc shaped slot, in width a little' larger than the diameter of the said balls, in length three or more times the said diameter, a member with a rounded groove, arc shaped coinciding with the said slot capping the latter on one side of the intermediate member, another member with holes coinciding with the ends of the said slot placed on the other side of the intermediate member, on the outer side of said other member a chamber arc shaped coinciding with the said slotv with elliptical ends continuous of its holes, said chamber open at its outer side and at another side at right angles thereto, its

depth and width being a little less than the diameter of the said balls, the course curvilinear rounded throughout for the passage of the said balls, holes for bolts in all the members comprising the course and bolts bolting them together through the same, two helicopters or lifting screws of opposite pitch placed one above the other on the hollow shaft, secured to each of the said helicopters,

two rings carrying constructive ball-bearing courses suitably placed as counter-bearings to the ball-bearing mechanical units secured to the hollow shaft, a gear wheel toothed on its inner face secured to `each of said helicopters in a suitable position, a motor in a central forward position within the hollow shaft, attached to the motor a shaft -in right angle relation to the vertical hollow shaft, at the end opposed to the motor a bevel pinionattached to the motor shaft, -an upper and a lower bevel pinion meshing with the pinion on the motor shaft, a shaft attached to each of the upper and lower bevel pinions, the latter shafts ascending vand descending respectively in a forward position properlyv journaled to and in vertical alinement with the hollow shaft and within the same, a gear wheel attached to each of the' vertical shafts at their extreme ends, said gear wheels engaging the gear wheel of the helicopter-1 at theiriliespective Signed at Newark in the county of Essex ends of the hollow shaft, a pendulum memand State of New Jersey this 15th day. of 10 ber being at the lower vend of the hollow December, 1913.

shaft to swing from side to side atright angles to the motor shaft, with means with- EDWARD WARNER' v in said pendulum member to swing the same Witnesses:

from side to s1de and means for moorlng the JAMES T. HEATH, flying machlne 1n a suspended condition.v HENRY KREss. 

